Cuban Heritage
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- Help is sought in response to crisis situations, pain, and discomfort and is often a signal of physical disturbance that warrants consultation with a traditional or biomedical healer
- Pain is expressed with verbal complaints, moaning, crying, and groaning that may or may not signify a need for pain medication
- Individual assessments for clients with pain are needed to determine clients' perceptions of causes, remedies, and possible coping behaviors
- Nurses should ask their client what they believe the cause of pain to be and assess coping mechanisms